The Friday (Jumu’ah) prayer is the weekly gathering of the Muslim community, and naturally, the believer seeks to perform it with excellence. Confusion often arises regarding the voluntary prayers (Sunnah) associated with it, as practices differ across the Muslim world depending on the school of thought (Madhhab) followed.

This article clarifies the scholarly basis for praying four Rak’ahs before and after the Jumu’ah prayer, specifically within the Hanafi school, which is widely followed in regions like South Asia.

The Sunnah Before Jumu’ah (Pre-Khutbah)

It is observed that many people pray four Rak’ahs before the Imam ascends the pulpit. This practice is grounded in valid Islamic scholarship.

The Hanafi View: According to the Hanafi school, it is considered a confirmed Sunnah (Sunnah Mu’akkadah) to pray four Rak’ahs before the Jumu’ah congregation begins.

The Evidence: Scholars cite the practice of the great Companion, Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him), who used to pray four Rak’ahs before Jumu’ah. While some scholars view pre-Jumu’ah prayers as general voluntary worship (Nafl), the Hanafi jurists classify specifically four Rak’ahs as an established Sunnah based on these narrations.

2. The Sunnah After Jumu’ah

Regarding the prayer after the obligatory (Fard) Jumu’ah prayer, there is stronger consensus on its prescription, though the number of Rak’ahs varies.

The Hanafi View: The Hanafi school holds that it is recommended to pray four Rak’ahs after the Jumu’ah prayer.

The Evidence: This ruling is derived directly from the instruction of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). It is recorded in Sahih Muslim that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

“When any one of you observes the Jumu’ah prayer, let him observe four (Rak’ahs) afterwards.” (Sahih Muslim)

Some narrations mention praying two Rak’ahs (especially if done at home), but the practice of praying four is strongly supported by the Hadith text.

3. Navigating Differences and Confusion

It is common for a Muslim to feel confused when seeing different practices. However, Islamic jurisprudence allows for legitimate differences of opinion.

Following the Local Madhhab:

For the layperson who does not have the tools to derive rulings directly from the texts, it is legitimate to follow the dominant Madhhab of their country or community, provided it is a recognised school of Sunni Islam.

  • Validity: The practice of praying 4 before and 4 after is not an innovation; it is the standard position of the Hanafi school and is backed by the practice of the Salaf (predecessors).
  • Peace of Mind: One should not feel conflicted. If the local community prays four Rak’ahs, they are following a valid scholarly path.

4. Saying ‘Jumu’ah Mubarak’

Scholars hold differing views on this specific greeting. While it was not a practice recorded from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) or the early generations (Salaf), many contemporary jurists permit it as a kind custom or a general supplication for a blessed Friday.

However, others caution against turning it into a fixed weekly ritual, emphasising that it should not be regarded as an established Sunnah or an obligation. It is best treated as a friendly social interaction rather than a religious requirement.

Conclusion

To summarise, the believer need not be confused by variations in practice. The method of praying four Rak’ahs before and four Rak’ahs after Jumu’ah is historically grounded in the Hanafi school and supported by authentic evidences. Furthermore, regarding social customs like saying “Jumu’ah Mubarak,” one should maintain balance—viewing it as a permissible kindness rather than a mandatory act of worship. Ultimately, the goal of Friday is to draw closer to Allah through prayer, remembrance, and unity.