Dr. Monzer Kahf, a prominent economist and counsellor states: “The principle is that it is not permissible for any Muslim to make anything that is prohibited in Shari’ah whether directly or indirectly through her/his agent. A director or a board of executive directors in a company work on behalf of the shareholders as their agent.

If this creates a hardship for individual Muslim investors, hardship calls for relaxation of the prohibition in as much as needed to remove the hardship. This is also a general rule that applies to investment in America or anywhere else.

Under the existing circumstances, the majority of Islamic scholars and leaders have called for boycotting American products and companies, I believe this must be implemented by all Muslims until the government of America either changes its uneven policy or itself is changed by one that takes a just and fair policy that is consistent with the American constitution. We must recognize that we have in America a country that can correct its government and force it to abide by the fair principle of the constitution.”