Allah SWT has permitted the fasting person to eat and drink until dawn comes. He, Most High, says: (… and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn …) (Al-Baqarah 2: 187)
However, it is preferable that the fasting person stops eating and drinking a few minutes before dawn. Sheikh Ahmad Kutty, a senior lecturer and Islamic scholar at the Islamic Institute of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, states: There are two times for stopping eating during suhur (pre-dawn meal), namely a preferred time and a permitted time. Preferred time to stop eating is ten minutes before Fajr time. So if the Fajr time is 6:12 a.m., one should stop eating around 6 a.m. Permitted time for eating suhur, however, extends up to 6:12 a.m., after which time it is considered unlawful. Therefore, if anyone deliberately did so, the fast is considered broken.
We have reports from the Prophet’s Companions that they finished suhur meal with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and after having done so they still had enough time to finish reading fifty verses of the Qur’an before Fajr. The estimated time for such reading is ten minutes.
However, as mentioned earlier, the permitted time for suhur can extend up to the time of Fajr. If the Adhan (call to prayer) is called on time, that is the final cut off point for suhur. But if, on the contrary, the Adhan is called after the time of Fajr has started, then the real time to consider is not the time of Adhan; rather one must consider the time as posted in the time-table.
Supposing that the Adhan is called on time, and one still has a piece of food in his hands, he is better advised not to consume it; he may, however, swallow what is already in his mouth.