Islam is a religion of mercy, justice, and guidance. It promotes compassion and forbids injustice against all people, regardless of their faith. However, in recent times, some individuals have questioned the practice of making supplications against non-Muslims in mosques, particularly in times of conflict. This article aims to clarify the Islamic stance on such invocations and whether they align with the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).

Understanding the Context of Supplication in Islam

Islam teaches that supplication is a means of seeking Allah’s help and expressing one’s emotions. Muslims are encouraged to pray for guidance, peace, and justice. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was sent as a mercy to all of humanity, as stated in the Qur’an:

“We have sent thee but as a mercy for all worlds.” (Qur’an 21:107)

The Prophet’s practice was to pray for the guidance of non-Muslims rather than their destruction. He exemplified patience and compassion even in the face of severe opposition. When the Angel of the Mountains offered to destroy the people of Ta’if, who had rejected and harmed him, he declined, hoping that their descendants would eventually embrace Islam.

The Islamic Stance on Cursing Non-Muslims

Islam does not permit blanket curses against all non-Muslims simply because they follow a different faith. Instead, Muslims are encouraged to invite others to Islam with wisdom and kindness, as the Qur’an states:

“Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best.” (Qur’an 16:125)

However, in times of oppression, it is permissible to supplicate against aggressors who harm Muslims. Historical examples show that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) only invoked Allah’s help against specific oppressors. For instance, during the Battle of the Trench, he prayed against those who had unjustly attacked the Muslims:

“May Allah fill their houses and graves with fire, for they have distracted us from performing `Asr prayer.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

Differentiating Between Oppressors and Innocents

It is essential to distinguish between individuals who commit oppression and those who do not. Many non-Muslims around the world support justice and oppose oppression, including the suffering of Palestinians and other oppressed peoples. Islam teaches that justice should be upheld for all, irrespective of religious affiliation.

Thus, when supplications are made against aggressors, they should be directed at those responsible for injustice, not entire nations, ethnic groups, or religious communities. The Qur’an emphasizes fairness even in conflicts:

“And do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness.” (Qur’an 5:8)

The Role of Supplication in Times of Conflict

When Muslims face oppression and injustice, they are encouraged to seek Allah’s help through supplication. However, supplications should be focused on:

  • Asking Allah for justice and relief for the oppressed.
  • Praying for the guidance of those who commit wrongdoing.
  • Seeking victory against aggressors while maintaining moral integrity.

Muslim scholars, including the late Grand Sheikh of Al-Azhar, Dr. `Abdul-Halim Mahmoud, have emphasized that cursing individuals without cause is not permissible. Supplication against oppressors is allowed only when seeking justice and relief from harm.

Conclusion: A Call for Justice and Mercy

Islam upholds the values of justice, mercy, and guidance. While supplicating against oppression is permissible, it must be done with wisdom and fairness. Blanket invocations against entire religious or ethnic groups contradict Islamic principles and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).

Muslims are encouraged to pray for the guidance of others and to work towards justice through peaceful and ethical means. By embodying the true spirit of Islam, they can serve as ambassadors of peace and righteousness in the world.