Throwing pebbles on behalf of others is a concession granted in Islamic law for those unable to perform the ritual due to valid reasons such as illness or advanced age. Performing Hajj with an elderly parent is a noble deed that carries immense spiritual reward, as honoring one’s parents is a gateway to Paradise. This article outlines the specific rulings regarding deputyship in the rituals of Hajj, distinguishing between acts that can be delegated and those that must be performed personally.

Rules of Deputyship in Throwing Pebbles (Rami)

While the general rule is that a pilgrim must perform all Hajj rituals independently, Islamic law permits deputyship (tawkil) in specific acts when a valid legal excuse exists.

Scholars of Fiqh and Islamic principles state that it is permissible to appoint someone to throw the pebbles on behalf of a pilgrim who is unable to do so. Valid excuses include:

  • Sickness: An illness that prevents physical exertion.
  • Old Age: Weakness associated with advanced years.
  • Pregnancy: If there is fear for the mother or the unborn child.
  • Overcrowding: If a woman or a weak individual fears harm from the intense crowds at the Jamarat.

The Procedure: When acting as a proxy, the appointed person must first throw their own pebbles. Once their obligation is fulfilled, they may then throw the pebbles on behalf of the person they are representing.

Deputyship in Slaughtering the Sacrifice (Hadi)

Regarding the slaughtering of the sacrificial animal (Hadi), the rules are even more flexible. Scholars affirm that it is permissible to authorize someone else to slaughter on one’s behalf, regardless of whether a legal excuse exists.

However, it is recommended (mustahabb) for the pilgrim to perform the slaughter personally if possible, following the Sunnah.

It is reported in the Hadith regarding the Prophet’s Hajj:

“…The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) slaughtered sixty-three with his own hand, then gave the remaining number to `Ali who slaughtered them.” (Sahih Muslim, 1218)

Rituals That Require Personal Performance

It is crucial to note that deputyship is not valid for the foundational pillars of Hajj. The following rituals must be performed by the pilgrim personally:

  • Tawaf: Circumambulation of the Ka’bah.
  • Sa’i: Walking between the hills of Safa and Marwah.
  • Standing at Arafat: The physical presence in the plain of Arafat.
  • Staying at Mina: Spending the required nights in Mina.

If an elderly or ill pilgrim cannot walk for Tawaf or Sa’i, they cannot appoint someone to do it for them in their absence. Instead, they must be physically present but can be assisted. For example, they may be carried or pushed in a wheelchair to complete these circuits.