The question of whether it is permissible for Muslim countries to possess, manufacture, or use nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) is a matter of serious concern and debate within the Muslim community. As this is a complex issue, it’s important to examine Islamic teachings on self-defense, the prohibition of mischief on earth, and the notion of power, in the context of modern warfare and technological advancements.
Islamic Perspective on Defense and Power
Islam emphasizes the importance of self-defense at both the individual and state levels. As the Qur’an teaches, Muslims are encouraged to be vigilant, prepared, and capable of defending themselves against any form of aggression. This is reflected in the verse from Surah Al-Anfal (8:60):
“Make ready for them all thou canst of (armed) force and of horses tethered, that thereby ye may dismay the enemy of Allah and your enemy, and others beside them whom ye know not. Allah knows them.”
This verse underscores the obligation to equip oneself with necessary means to defend against enemies and protect the Muslim Ummah. It calls for preparedness and deterrence, highlighting the importance of having the power to confront threats. However, this preparation is not solely about possessing weapons but includes being aware of potential threats and employing every possible means for self-preservation.
Islam allows for acquiring strength, including military power, to ensure the safety of the Muslim community, but it places a strong emphasis on the purpose of such power: it must serve as a deterrent to aggression, not a tool for destruction.
The Principle of “Mischief on Earth” and Mass Destruction
While Islam encourages Muslims to be strong and capable of defending themselves, it strongly condemns causing harm or corruption on earth. Allah warns against spreading mischief and violence, as seen in various verses of the Qur’an. The idea behind Islamic teachings is to protect humanity and ensure the welfare of people, not to use power for aggression or mass destruction.
Weapons of mass destruction, such as nuclear weapons, carry the potential to cause indiscriminate harm to both combatants and civilians, and their use can result in long-lasting environmental and human suffering. Islam, therefore, rejects any form of weaponry that leads to the unjust destruction of life and property, as such actions would fill the earth with corruption and mischief.
The Role of International Justice and the Global Community
The issue of weapons of mass destruction cannot be viewed in isolation. The possession of such weapons by any nation—whether Muslim or not—raises global concerns about peace, security, and justice. Islam stresses that the Ummah must not be passive in the face of injustice or aggression. At the same time, it is unreasonable for some nations to possess such destructive weapons while denying others the same capability. The Qur’an commands justice and fairness, and it calls for the elimination of double standards when it comes to international relations and armament policies.
It is therefore the responsibility of the global community to work towards eliminating weapons of mass destruction, promoting peace, and ensuring that no nation is left vulnerable while others hold the power to destroy. In this context, the international community must aim for a world where such weapons do not exist, and where humanity can work towards “weapons of mass construction” rather than destruction.
Fatwa on Possessing Weapons for Self-Defense
According to a fatwa issued by Al-Azhar on December 24, 2002, the Muslim Ummah is urged to possess the necessary means to protect itself and its interests. This includes acquiring advanced military technology for self-defense. However, the emphasis is on deterrence and security, not on engaging in aggression or mischief. The fatwa stresses that Muslims must use their strength to protect their lands, families, and sanctities, and not to spread corruption on earth.
Islamic history offers examples of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) using the most effective methods of his time for defense. He encouraged his companions to master languages and strategies that would benefit the Ummah, as seen in the example of Zayd Ibn Thabit learning the language of the Jews to better communicate and strategize. This example shows the importance of using available resources and technologies to protect and strengthen the Muslim community.
Conclusion: Towards Peace and Responsibility
In conclusion, while Islam does not prohibit the acquisition of strength for self-defense, it calls for the responsible use of power. The possession of weapons of mass destruction is not encouraged, as their use would lead to unnecessary harm and mischief. Islam promotes peace, justice, and the welfare of humanity, and it is the duty of all nations to work towards the eradication of such destructive weapons.
Rather than focusing on the possession of weapons of mass destruction, the Muslim Ummah should strive to be strong through peaceful means and technological advancements that promote the welfare of people. The ultimate goal should be to lead the world toward a state of peace, where the safety and dignity of every individual are respected, and where destructive weapons are no longer necessary.
In line with the Islamic teachings of justice, it is also important to hold the global community accountable for ensuring that no nation has the right to possess such weapons while others are left defenseless. As the Qur’an teaches, the preservation of peace, the protection of life, and the establishment of justice should always be the priority.