Islam has long established principles of justice and mercy, even in times of war. A frequently asked question concerns the treatment of wounded enemy soldiers who are captured: Should they be provided medical care, or is it lawful to harm them? Islamic teachings provide a clear and humane perspective on this issue, emphasizing compassion and ethical conduct.

Islamic Teachings on Wounded Enemy Soldiers

Islamic law (Shariah) upholds the dignity and humane treatment of war prisoners, including the wounded. Scholars affirm that Islam mandates providing food and medical care to prisoners of war (POWs), aligning with ethical warfare principles that predate modern international laws by centuries.

Scholarly Views on Treating Captured Soldiers

According to Dr. Ahmad Yusuf Sulaiman, a professor at Cairo University:

  • A Muslim leader in authority decides the fate of prisoners, whether to set them free, exchange them for Muslim captives, or seek a ransom.
  • Killing a wounded prisoner is only permitted in extreme cases, such as when they pose an immediate, unavoidable threat.
  • Individual Muslim soldiers are not allowed to kill a wounded prisoner. Instead, they should ensure medical treatment or leave them unharmed if care is unavailable.

Similarly, Dr. Yusuf Qasim emphasizes that Islam forbids killing wounded enemy soldiers. Instead, Islam encourages feeding and treating prisoners, as referenced in the Quran:

“And they feed, for the love of Allah, the needy, the orphan, and the prisoner.” (Surah Al-Insan 76:8)

If there is a risk that a treated prisoner might return to battle, it is preferable to leave them rather than harm them. The final decision rests with the Muslim leader, not individual soldiers.

Islam’s Ethical Code in Warfare

Islam promotes mercy and justice, even during conflicts. The words of Imam Ali (RA) highlight this:

“If you defeat your enemy, do not kill those who flee; do not harm a wounded soldier; do not kill women, even if they insult you.”

These principles align with modern international human rights laws, proving that Islamic warfare ethics were ahead of their time.

Historical Examples of Mercy in Islamic Warfare

1. Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) Treatment of Prisoners

When the Muslims conquered Makkah, the Prophet (PBUH) demonstrated unparalleled clemency. He asked his enemies:

“What do you think I will do with you?”

They replied, “You are a generous brother and son of a generous brother.”

The Prophet (PBUH) then declared:

“I will say to you what Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) said: ‘Have no fear today! May Allah forgive you, for He is the Most Merciful.’ Go, you are free.” (Surah Yusuf 12:92)

2. Salahdin’s Mercy Towards Captives

During the Crusades, Salah ad-Din Al-Ayyubi (Saladin) captured a large number of enemy soldiers. When he realized he couldn’t provide them with food, instead of letting them starve, he released them, despite knowing they could fight him again.

Conclusion: Islam’s Legacy of Mercy in War

Islamic teachings emphasize justice, mercy, and ethical warfare, requiring humane treatment of wounded prisoners. The Quran, Hadith, and historical precedents all demonstrate that Islam’s stance on war prioritizes humanity over vengeance.

In an era where war crimes are rampant, Islam’s principles remain a timeless guide for ethical conduct in warfare.