The question of performing Hajj without a Mahram (a husband or unmarriageable male relative) is a common concern for women who have the financial means and desire to perform the pilgrimage but lack a male chaperone. A specific scenario often arises where a woman—perhaps over the age of 50—wishes to travel with a group of trustworthy women (such as sisters) and a reputable travel agency, despite her husband or male relatives remaining behind.

Islamic jurisprudence provides detailed guidance on balancing the obligation of Hajj with the requirements of safety and travel ethics.

The General Rule and Its Intent

In principle, Islamic Shari’ah mandates that a woman should not travel alone; rather, it is generally required for her to be accompanied by her husband or a Mahram.

However, scholars explain that the true intent of this prohibition is to ensure safety and protection for the woman, guarding her honor and dignity during long journeys. Therefore, if this condition of safety can be met through other means, the ruling may adjust accordingly.

The Ruling on “Safe Company”

According to the Shafi’i and Maliki schools of thought, as well as other prominent jurists, it is permissible for a woman to perform the obligatory Hajj without a specific Mahram provided she travels in “Safe Company” (Rafiqah Ma’munah).

  • Definition of Safe Company: This typically refers to a group of trustworthy, reputable Muslim women (and men) who provide a secure environment where the woman is not vulnerable to harm or harassment.
  • The Condition: If the road is safe and the group is reliable (e.g., accompanying 4 sisters or a reputable Hajj group), the requirement for protection is considered fulfilled.

Historical Precedent

Scholars cite historical precedents to support this flexibility. It is documented that the Mothers of the Faithful (the wives of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him), such as `A’ishah and Umm Salamah, performed Hajj after the passing of the Prophet.

They traveled in a safe company under the protection of elders and trustworthy leaders. When `A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) was asked if a woman could travel without a Mahram, she rhetorically asked, “Can everyone find a Mahram?” implying that if the need is genuine and safety is assured, the journey is valid.

Conclusion

Therefore, a married woman is allowed to perform Hajj along with a group of trustworthy women (such as her sisters) and a larger travel group, provided the company is safe and reputable. This ensures she fulfills her religious obligation without compromising the safety protocols established by the Shari’ah.