Shirk

What is the exact meaning of "Shirk"?There was a talk by Ustad Imran Hussein whereby he said that when we abide by our government, it is an act of shirk. It means we believe in a power greater than Allah. Please clarify on this statement. It gives me an idea that even a simple task of consulting a doctor for ailments could be a case of shirk. People are giving various versions of shirk. When does one realy commit the act of shirk?

As-salamu `alaykum. Is it shirk to call people by the Names of Allah, for example, to name someone Ghafur instead of `Abdul Ghafur?

Assalamu a'alikum wa rahmatullah respected scholars and brothers in deen!When I'm with other Muslims I feel more concentrated when praying or even listening to religious sermons, than when I'm alone, which happens more rarely.Honestly I don't think it's showing off, but more like an "islamic atmosphere". Like when I'm in the mosque praying especially with other sisters, I'm not thinking about what should I cook for dinner, that I forgot to iron the clothes, etc.If I cry when reciting the Holy Qur'an or when listening to the sermons, I feel it's sincere. I'm not forcing tears. Still, it happens more frequently if among others than alone and at home.Can it be showing off still?Jazakum Allahu khayran

Salaam In Iran, India Pakistan, and some other countries, people go to shrine of a person to prayer seeking for help. 

Respected scholars, as-salamu `alaykum. Is it allowed to make predictions on forthcoming events, for example, football matches? Jazakum Allahu khayran.