In many workplaces, universities, or colleges, the Muslim community faces logistical challenges regarding the Friday congregational prayer (Jumu`ah). Space limitations often make it difficult to gather hundreds of people in a single location at one time. This leads to the question: Is it acceptable to split the congregation into smaller groups or hold multiple Jumu’ah prayer sessions within the same designated time period?
The Ideal: Unity in One Congregation
It is highly recommended for the Muslim community to gather in a central place to perform Friday prayer, as this demonstrates unity and solidarity.
Jumu’ah is the major weekly gathering of believers intended to foster a sense of community. Historically, during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the pious caliphs, Jumu’ah was clearly distinguished from daily prayers. While daily prayers were held in various local mosques, the Friday prayer was held only in the major mosque of the city (known as al-Jami`).
Based on this spirit, the vast majority of jurists have historically opposed holding multiple Jumu`ahs in the same city without valid reason, as doing so could dilute the sense of unity and shared purpose among the faithful.
Exceptions for Necessity
However, modern circumstances—particularly in non-Muslim countries or corporate and university settings—often present situations beyond the community’s control.
If a single venue large enough to accommodate everyone is not available, or if work/class schedules conflict, scholars permit flexibility based on necessity. In such cases, the community is allowed to:
Use Multiple Venues: Hold the prayer in a number of smaller available rooms.
Hold Multiple Sessions: Hold the prayer in the same venue in consecutive sessions (shifts).
While this is a practical solution for space constraints, it is important to remain faithful to the spirit of the rite.
If a community must hold multiple sessions or use different rooms, they should strive to ensure this does not create rivalry or competition between the groups. The goal remains to fulfill the obligation of Jumu`ah while maintaining as much communal unity as possible given the limitations.
