The preservation of human species is unquestionably the primary objective of marriage, and such preservation of the species requires continued reproduction. Accordingly, Islam encourages having children, and has blessed both male and female progeny. However, it allows the Muslim to plan his family due to valid reasons and recognized necessities.
If spouses feel that they are not prepared to shoulder the heavy responsibilities of parenting because of special circumstances, they are allowed to resort to safe methods of contraception in order to delay conception. However, both of them should know that it is allowed only as a temporary measure.
Sheikh Ahmad Kutty, a senior lecturer and an Islamic scholar at the Islamic Institute of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, states: “One of the major purposes of marriage in Islam is procreation, as it is the divinely appointed method of propagating human species on the face of the earth. Furthermore, Islam considers children as a source of blessing. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), therefore, exhorted his people to “marry and procreate.” Married couples, therefore, must not consider marriage simply as an avenue of sexual or emotional fulfillment and satisfaction, but also for purpose of procreation.
While procreation through marriage is highly recommended, Islam equally stresses the importance of rearing and nurturing children who are the future leaders and assets of the community and humanity. Parenting demands adequate care and attention on the part of parents, in the absence of which, children will simply become a burden. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “A strong believer is superior to a weak believer.”
Therefore, if both couples strongly feel that they are not prepared to shoulder the heavy responsibilities of parenting because of your special circumstances, they are allowed to resort to safe methods of contraception in order to delay conception. However, I should remind that it is allowed only as a temporary measure. In other words, they are permitted to resort to family planning only as a temporary measure to delay conception until such time that both of you have settled down.
The above ruling of scholars is based on a certain precedent in the time of the Prophet and his companions: According to authentic traditions, many of the Prophet’s companions practiced coitus interruption in order to prevent conception. As reported by Jabir, one of the eminent companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), “We used to practice `azl (coitus interruption) while the Qur’an was being revealed; had it been forbidden to do so, the Qur’an certainly would have declared so.” In other words, the silence of the Qur’an about coitus interruption is considered as an indication of its permissibility.
Modern methods of contraception are no different from `azl practiced by the Companions. It is on this basis that the scholars have declared it permissible to make use of them—through the consensual agreement of both spouses—as a temporary method of preventing pregnancy.”